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SEM image of a grain of table salt. The health effects of salt are the conditions associated with the consumption of either too much or too little salt. Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl) and is used in food for both preservation and flavor. Sodium ions are needed in small quantities by most living things, as are ...
That’s about 1 teaspoon of table salt, or sodium chloride. But the average American consumes about 40% more, or 3,300 milligrams of sodium per day, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ...
When salt is ingested, it is dissolved in the blood as two separate ions – Na + and Cl −. The water potential in blood will decrease due to the increased solutes, and blood osmotic pressure will increase. While the kidney reacts to excrete excess sodium and chloride in the body, water retention causes blood pressure to increase. [10]
A low sodium diet has a useful effect to reduce blood pressure, both in people with hypertension and in people with normal blood pressure. [7] Taken together, a low salt diet (median of approximately 4.4 g/day – approx 1800 mg sodium) in hypertensive people resulted in a decrease in systolic blood pressure by 4.2 mmHg, and in diastolic blood pressure by 2.1 mmHg.
Salt poisoning is an intoxication resulting from the excessive intake of sodium (usually as sodium chloride) either in solid form or in solution (saline water, including brine, brackish water, or seawater). Salt poisoning sufficient to produce severe symptoms is rare, and lethal salt poisoning is possible but even rarer.
As well as its use in cooking and at the table, salt is present in many processed foods. Sodium is an essential element for human health via its role as an electrolyte and osmotic solute. [4] [5] [6] However, excessive salt consumption increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Such health effects of salt have long been ...
Sodium chloride / ˌ s oʊ d i ə m ˈ k l ɔːr aɪ d /, [8] commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic , and occurs as the mineral halite .
Potassium closely resembles the saltiness of sodium. In practice, potassium chloride (also known as potassium salt) is the most commonly used salt substitute. Its toxicity for a healthy person is approximately equal to that of table salt (the LD 50 is about 2.5 g/kg, or approximately 190 g for a person weighing 75 kg).