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A notable development specific to the study of physics is that women in Muslim-majority countries enjoy significantly greater representation than their counterparts in the United States: in the US, women make up 21% of physics undergraduates and 20% of PhD students, while the equivalent figures for Muslim-majority nations are 60%+ and 47% ...
After the independence of Pakistan, women's groups and feminist organizations initiated by prominent leaders like Fatima Jinnah started to emerge in order to eliminate socio-economic injustices against women in the country. Jinnah pointed out that Muslim women leaders from all classes actively supported the Pakistan movement in the mid-1940s ...
For Friday prayers, by custom, Muslim's congregations segregate men, women, and children into separate groups. On other days, the women and children pray at home. Men are expected to offer the five times daily prayers at the nearest mosque. Muhammad specifically allowed Muslim women to attend mosques and pray behind men.
Since the mid-nineteenth century, Muslim women and men have been critical of restrictions placed on women regarding education, seclusion, veiling, polygyny, slavery, and concubinage. Modern Muslims have questioned these practices and advocated for reform. [1] There is an ongoing debate about the status of women in Islam.
The Aurat Azadi March (Urdu: عورت آزادی مارچ, lit. 'Women's Emancipation March') was started in 2018 [1] in Pakistan by members of Women Democratic Front [2] [3] (socialist-feminist organization), other organizations like Women's Action Forum (Women's rights organization), Elimination of Violence against Women and Girls alliance, Young Teachers Association, Home-Based Women ...
Women in oil-rich Gulf countries have made some of the biggest educational leaps in recent decades. Compared to women in oil-rich Saudi Arabia, young Muslim women in Mali have shown significantly fewer years of schooling. [83] In Arab countries, the first modern schools were opened in Egypt (1829), Lebanon (1835) and Iraq (1898). [84]
The Muslim Personal Law Application Act (1937) and its successor, the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act (1961), provide Muslim women with limited inheritance rights; they received half of the amount assigned to sons, two-thirds if there were no sons, and further complex calculations settled the remainder per sectarian principles. [7]
The Hudud Ordinances are laws in Pakistan enacted in 1979 as part of the Islamization of Pakistan by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the sixth president of Pakistan.It replaced parts of the British-era Pakistan Penal Code, adding new criminal offences of adultery and fornication, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death.