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This marked the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, the first hereditary dynasty in the history of Islam, and the only one to rule over the entire Islamic world of its time. Umayyad authority was challenged in the Second Muslim Civil War , during which the Sufyanid line of Mu'awiya was replaced in 684 by Marwan I , who founded the Marwanid line ...
The conquest resulted in the end of Christian rule in most of Iberia and the establishment of Muslim Arab-Moorish rule in that territory, which came to be known as al-Andalus, under the Umayyad dynasty. During the caliphate of the sixth Umayyad caliph al-Walid I (r.
The Emirate of Córdoba, from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula (known to Muslims as al-Andalus), the Balearic Islands, and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba (at the time Qurṭubah).
Mu'awiya I (Arabic: معاوية بن أبي سفيان, romanized: Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān Arabic pronunciation: [muʕaːwija ibn abiː sufjaːn]; c. 597, 603 or 605 –April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death.
Umayyad caliphate (661–750, based in Damascus) Abbasid caliphate (750–1258, based in Baghdad) Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1341, based in Damascus and Aleppo) Zengid dynasty (1127–1250, based in Aleppo) Annazids (991–1258; Kurdistan) Burid dynasty (1104–1154) Hamdanid dynasty (890–1004, based in Aleppo) Uqaylid dynasty (990–1096; Syria ...
The Umayyad dynasty was expelled, driven back to Al-Andalus where Abd al-Rahman I established an emirate in Córdoba in opposition to the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad. In the northeast of Spain, the Frankish emperors established the Marca Hispanica across the Pyrenees in part of what today is Catalonia , reconquering Girona in 785 and Barcelona in ...
The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, conquering Ifriqiya, Transoxiana, Sind, the Maghreb and Hispania . At its greatest extent (661–750), the Umayyad Caliphate covered 11,100,000 km 2 (4,300,000 sq mi), [1] making it one of the largest empires in history in terms of area. The dynasty was toppled by the Abbasids in 750.
Raja managed the affair, calling the Umayyad princes into Dabiq's mosque and demanding that they recognize Sulayman's will, which Raja had kept secret. [16] Only after the Umayyads accepted did Raja reveal that Umar was the caliph's nominee. [16] Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik voiced his opposition, but relented after being threatened with violence. [16]