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The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) originates from the lumbar plexus and contains fibers from lumbar nerves L2 and L3. [7] [4] [2] [3] The LFCN then traverses to the lateral border of the psoas major muscle, crosses the iliacus muscle, and continues to the anterior superior iliac spine (bony landmark).
Pediatric patients may have a syrinx associated with their Chiari malformation and the conus medullaris will be located at or below the L2–L3 lumbar vertebrae disk space. [5] Isolated infarcts of the conus medullaris are rare, but should be considered in patients with acute cauda equina syndrome, especially in females.
Dysfunction of the superior cluneal nerves lead to many different neuropathic symptoms such as burning pain, numbness, tingling, and dysesthesia around the low back and upper gluteal area. The most common symptoms are localized unilateral low back pain, though up to anywhere between 40 and 82% of patients may complain of leg symptoms – pain ...
The second lumbar spinal nerve (L2) [2] originates from the spinal column from below the lumbar vertebra 2 (L2). L2 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from L2. They may be innervated with L2 as single origin, or be innervated partly by L2 and partly by other spinal nerves. The muscles are: quadratus lumborum ...
After about 3 months of age, a conus below the L1-2 disk space may indicate a tethered cord and termination below L3-4 is unmistakably tethered. "Cord tethering is often assumed when the conus is below the normal L2-3 level. TCS, however, is a clinical diagnosis that should be based on "neurological and musculoskeletal signs and symptoms.
In human anatomy, the five vertebrae are between the rib cage and the pelvis.They are the largest segments of the vertebral column and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process (since it is only found in the cervical region) and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body (as found only in the thoracic region).
It can reliably identify spinal nerve root compression for L2, L3, and L4. [2] It is usually positive for L2-L3 and L3-L4 (high lumbar) disc protrusions, slightly positive or negative in L4–L5 disc protrusions, and negative in cases of lumbosacral disc protrusion. [3]
Focal neurologic signs, also known as focal neurological deficits or focal CNS signs, are impairments of nerve, spinal cord, or brain function that affects a specific region of the body, e.g. weakness in the left arm, the right leg, paresis, or plegia.