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A spectral line may be observed either as an emission line or an absorption line. Which type of line is observed depends on the type of material and its temperature relative to another emission source. An absorption line is produced when photons from a hot, broad spectrum source pass through a cooler material.
Solar spectrum with Fraunhofer lines as it appears visually. In 1802, English chemist William Hyde Wollaston [2] was the first person to note the appearance of a number of dark features in the solar spectrum. [3] In 1814, Joseph von Fraunhofer independently rediscovered the lines and began to systematically study and measure their wavelengths ...
The infrared absorption spectrum of NASA laboratory sulfur dioxide ice is compared with the infrared absorption spectra of ices on Jupiter's moon, Io credit NASA, Bernard Schmitt, and UKIRT. Absorption spectroscopy is useful in chemical analysis [ 5 ] because of its specificity and its quantitative nature.
A hot gas under low pressure emits a "bright-line" or emission-line spectrum. A continuous spectrum source viewed through a cool, low-density gas produces an absorption-line spectrum. In the 1860s the husband-and-wife team of William and Margaret Huggins used spectroscopy to determine that the stars were composed of the same elements as found ...
The spectrum appears in a series of lines called the line spectrum. This line spectrum is called an atomic spectrum when it originates from an atom in elemental form. Each element has a different atomic spectrum. The production of line spectra by the atoms of an element indicate that an atom can radiate only a certain amount of energy.
Spectroscopy is a branch of science concerned with the spectra of electromagnetic radiation as a function of its wavelength or frequency measured by spectrographic equipment, and other techniques, in order to obtain information concerning the structure and properties of matter. [4]
The analysis of line intensity ratios is an important tool to obtain information about laboratory and space plasmas. In emission spectroscopy, the intensity of spectral lines can provide various information about the plasma (or gas) condition. It might be used to determine the temperature or density of the plasma. Since the measurement of an ...
The hydrogen line, 21 centimeter line, or H I line [a] is a spectral line that is created by a change in the energy state of solitary, electrically neutral hydrogen atoms. It is produced by a spin -flip transition, which means the direction of the electron's spin is reversed relative to the spin of the proton.