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FibroTest has been evaluated in relation to liver biopsy (the current reference standard in liver disease assessment) in people with hepatitis C, hepatitis B, [1] alcoholic liver disease, [2] and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. [3] They are most useful for cirrhosis and less useful for other stages of liver disease. [4]
[4] Hepatitis B infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. [4] [12] As of 2022, the hepatitis B vaccine is between 98% and 100% effective in preventing infection. [1] The vaccine is administered in several doses; after an initial dose, two or three more vaccine doses are required at a later time for full effect. [1]
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, [1] a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. [2] [3] This virus causes the disease hepatitis B. [4]
Under research [1] Trypanosoma brucei: African sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) Identification of trypanosomes in a sample by microscopic examination Fexinidazole by mouth or pentamidine by injection for T. b. gambiense. Suramin by injection is used for T. b. rhodesiense. Under research [2] HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)
Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B to replicate and is only found with hepatitis B co-infection. [17] In adults, hepatitis B infection is most commonly self-limiting, with less than 5% progressing to chronic state, and 20 to 30% of those chronically infected developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. [ 31 ]
Viral hepatitis is liver inflammation due to a viral infection. [1] [2] It may present in acute form as a recent infection with relatively rapid onset, or in chronic form, typically progressing from a long-lasting asymptomatic condition up to a decompensated hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
The list of conditions associated with chronic liver disease is extensive and can be categorised in the following way: [3]. Viral causes. Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and yellow fever viruses cause acute hepatitis.
Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase is a hepatitis B viral protein. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a DNA polymerase that can use either DNA or RNA templates and a ribonuclease H that cuts RNA in the duplex. Both functions are supplied by the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain.