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  2. Cycle detection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_detection

    In computer science, cycle detection or cycle finding is the algorithmic problem of finding a cycle in a sequence of iterated function values.. For any function f that maps a finite set S to itself, and any initial value x 0 in S, the sequence of iterated function values

  3. Recurrence relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence_relation

    In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation according to which the th term of a sequence of numbers is equal to some combination of the previous terms. Often, only previous terms of the sequence appear in the equation, for a parameter that is independent of ; this number is called the order of the relation.

  4. Continued fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continued_fraction

    Applying the fundamental recurrence formulas we find that the successive numerators A n are {1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ...} and the successive denominators B n are {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ...}, the Fibonacci numbers. Since all the partial numerators in this example are equal to one, the determinant formula assures us that the absolute value of the ...

  5. Fibonacci sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence

    Letting a number be a linear function (other than the sum) of the 2 preceding numbers. The Pell numbers have P n = 2P n−1 + P n−2. If the coefficient of the preceding value is assigned a variable value x, the result is the sequence of Fibonacci polynomials. Not adding the immediately preceding numbers.

  6. Cyclic number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_number

    repeated digits, e.g.: 555; repeated cyclic numbers, e.g.: 142857142857; If leading zeros are not permitted on numerals, then 142857 is the only cyclic number in decimal, due to the necessary structure given in the next section. Allowing leading zeros, the sequence of cyclic numbers begins: (10 6 − 1) / 7 = 142857 (6 digits)

  7. Longest common subsequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_common_subsequence

    Their exact values are not known, but upper and lower bounds on their values have been proven, [15] and it is known that they grow inversely proportionally to the square root of the alphabet size. [16] Simplified mathematical models of the longest common subsequence problem have been shown to be controlled by the Tracy–Widom distribution. [17]

  8. Constant-recursive sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant-recursive_sequence

    More generally, every constant-recursive function is asymptotically bounded by an exponential function (see #Closed-form characterization) and the factorial sequence grows faster than this. The Catalan sequence 1 , 1 , 2 , 5 , 14 , 42 , 132 , … {\displaystyle 1,1,2,5,14,42,132,\ldots } is not constant-recursive.

  9. Forney algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forney_algorithm

    The value c is often called the "first consecutive root" or "fcr". ... (repeated addition in the finite field) which is the same as the finite field's multiplication ...