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Shiga-like toxin (SLT) is a historical term for similar or identical toxins produced by Escherichia coli. [3] The most common sources for Shiga toxin are the bacteria S. dysenteriae and some serotypes of Escherichia coli (shigatoxigenic or STEC), which include serotypes O157:H7 , and O104:H4 .
The toxins bind to cell-surface glycolipid receptor Gb3, which causes the cell to take the toxin in via endocytosis. The Shiga toxins target ribosomal RNA, which inhibits protein synthesis and causes apoptosis. [14] The reason EHEC are symptomless in cattle is because the cattle do not have vascular expression of Gb3 unlike humans.
P k antigen is a receptor for Shiga toxins produced by Shigella dysenteriae and some strains of Escherichia coli, which may cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). [2] [6] [7] [8] It is also a receptor for Streptococcus suis (zoonotic bacterium which can cause bacterial meningitis). [6]
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a serotype of the bacterial species Escherichia coli and is one of the Shiga-like toxin–producing types of E. coli.It is a cause of disease, typically foodborne illness, through consumption of contaminated and raw food, including raw milk and undercooked ground beef.
This process involves inactivating the toxin, creating a toxoid that does not induce toxin-related illness and is well tolerated. [8] A widely used toxoid vaccine is the DPT vaccine , which is usually administered in multiple doses throughout childhood with adjuvants and boosters for long-term immunity. [ 8 ]
Find out how you can live a healthier life be limiting toxic exposure from your home and the foods you consume. Wellness Wednesday: Find out what toxins actually are and how to avoid them Skip to ...
HUS is caused by ingestion of bacteria that produce Shiga toxins, with Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) being the most common type. [34] E. coli can produce shigatoxin-1, shigatoxin-2, or both; with shigatoxin-2 producing organisms being more virulent and being much more likely to cause HUS. [34]
Both Shiga toxin and verotoxin are associated with causing potentially fatal hemolytic-uremic syndrome. [ 12 ] Because they do not interact with the apical surface of epithelial cells — preferring the basolateral side — Shigella species invade the host through the M-cells interspersed in the epithelia of the small intestine . [ 17 ]