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Thallus (pl. thalli) – the vegetative body of a lichen, made up of both mycobiont and photobiont components. [21] Cortex – the lichen's outer layer(s), made up of tightly woven fungal filaments. [22] Isidium (pl. isidia) – outgrowths of the thallus which contain photobiont cells and provide means of vegetative reproduction for some ...
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English: This is a cross section of lichen, which is an organism in a symbiotic relationship between green algae and fungus. 1. Thick layers of hyphae, called the cortex 2. Green algae 3. Loosely packed hyphae 4. Anchoring hyphae called rhizines. Lichen is an organism that is composed of two separate organisms living in a symbiotic relationship.
This is possible due to the action of lichen phenolics such as usnic acid derivatives. [34] From the 1950s the lichen product usnic acid was the object of most antitumour research. These studies revealed some in vitro antitumour activity by substances identified in two common lichens Peltigera leucophlebia and Collema flaccidum. [35]
A foliose lichen is a lichen with flat, leaf-like lobes, which are generally not firmly bonded to the substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three most common growth forms of lichens. It typically has distinct upper and lower surfaces, each of which is usually covered with a cortex ; some, however, lack a lower cortex.
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts . [ 1 ]
A fruticose lichen may have flattened "branches", appearing similar to a foliose lichen, but the underside of a leaf-like structure on a fruticose lichen is the same color as the top side. The leaf-like lobes of a foliose lichen may branch, giving the appearance of a fruticose lichen, but the underside will be a different color from the top side.
The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes.With over 2700 species [2] in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi.The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: Xanthoparmelia (822 species), Usnea (355 species), Parmotrema (255 species), and Hypotrachyna (262 species).