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Bromine water, Br 2. Bromine water is an oxidizing, intense brown mixture containing diatomic bromine (Br 2) dissolved in water (H 2 O). [1] It is often used as a reactive in chemical assays of recognition for substances which react with bromine in an aqueous environment with the halogenation mechanism, mainly unsaturated carbon compounds (carbon compounds with 1 or more double or triple bond(s)).
In organic chemistry, the bromine test is a qualitative test for the presence of unsaturation (carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds), phenols and anilines. An unknown sample is treated with a small amount of elemental bromine in an organic solvent, being as dichloromethane or carbon tetrachloride. Presence of unsaturation and/or phenol or ...
One can test for a bromide ion by adding an oxidizer. One method uses dilute HNO 3. Balard and Löwig's method can be used to extract bromine from seawater and certain brines. For samples testing for sufficient bromide concentration, addition of chlorine produces bromine (Br 2): [7] Cl 2 + 2 Br − → 2 Cl − + Br 2
The bromine test is useful to confirm the result, although modern spectroscopic techniques (e.g. NMR and IR spectroscopy) are far superior in determining the identity of the unknown. The quantity of total phenols may be spectroscopically determined by the Folin–Ciocalteau assay.
Bromine was discovered independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig [13] and Antoine Balard, [14] [15] in 1825 and 1826, respectively. [16] Löwig isolated bromine from a mineral water spring from his hometown Bad Kreuznach in 1825. Löwig used a solution of the mineral salt saturated with chlorine and extracted the bromine with diethyl ...
Bromine is deeply colored but R 2 C(Br)−C(Br)R 2 is not. Thus, the consumption of bromine can often be gauged visually. Alternatively and more quantitatively, the bromine consumed by a sample can be determined by iodometry. [1] The bromine number indicates the degree of unsaturation of a sample. The technique can be subject to a variety of ...