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Mefloquine is used as a treatment for chloroquine-sensitive or resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and is deemed a reasonable alternative for uncomplicated chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria. [10] [16] It is one of several drugs recommended by the United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [17]
P. falciparum is therefore responsible for almost all severe human illnesses and deaths due to malaria, in a condition called pernicious or complicated or severe malaria. Complicated malaria occurs more commonly in children under age 5, [ 46 ] and sometimes in pregnant women (a condition specifically called pregnancy-associated malaria ). [ 78 ]
This is a first fixed-dose artemisinin-based combination therapy to be granted a positive scientific opinion for efficacy, safety and quality from European Medicines Agency (EMA) under Article 58 for the treatment of P. falciparum and P. vivax in adults and children over 20 kg based on five multi-centre phase III trials conducted in Africa and ...
Artemether is an antimalarial drug for uncomplicated malaria caused by P. falciparum (and chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum) or chloroquine-resistant P. vivax parasites. [1] [7] Artemether can also be used to treat severe malaria. [2] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum with artemisinin ...
However, the WHO has recommended that a single dose of primaquine (0.25 mg/kg) is safe to give even in individuals with G6PD deficiency, for the purpose of preventing transmission of P. falciparum malaria. [14] Primaquine is contraindicated in pregnancy, because the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase status of the fetus would be unknown. [4]
It is approved in the United States as a treatment and preventive measure against malaria. [6] The combination is considered to be more effective in treating malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum than that caused by P. vivax, for which chloroquine is considered more effective, though in the absence of a species-specific diagnosis, the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination may be indicated. [7]
Using substrate specificity studies and inhibitor analysis, it was found that the plasmepsins for P. malariae and P. vivax showed less specificity than that for P. falciparum. Unfortunately, this means that the development of a selective inhibitor for P. malariae may prove more challenging than the development of one for P. falciparum. [5]
[1] [4] Chloroquine is a member of the drug class 4-aminoquinoline. [1] As an antimalarial, it works against the asexual form of the malaria parasite in the stage of its life cycle within the red blood cell. [1] How it works in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus is unclear. [1] Chloroquine was discovered in 1934 by Hans Andersag.