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Proof without words of the arithmetic progression formulas using a rotated copy of the blocks. An arithmetic progression or arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that the difference from any succeeding term to its preceding term remains constant throughout the sequence. The constant difference is called common difference of that ...
In number theory, primes in arithmetic progression are any sequence of at least three prime numbers that are consecutive terms in an arithmetic progression. An example is the sequence of primes (3, 7, 11), which is given by a n = 3 + 4 n {\displaystyle a_{n}=3+4n} for 0 ≤ n ≤ 2 {\displaystyle 0\leq n\leq 2} .
Each residue class is an arithmetic progression, and thus clopen. Consider the multiples of each prime. These multiples are a residue class (so closed), and the union of these sets is all (Golomb: positive) integers except the units ±1. If there are finitely many primes, that union is a closed set, and so its complement ({±1}) is open.
Linnik's theorem (1944) concerns the size of the smallest prime in a given arithmetic progression. Linnik proved that the progression a + nd (as n ranges through the positive integers) contains a prime of magnitude at most cd L for absolute constants c and L. Subsequent researchers have reduced L to 5.
This is stronger than Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions (which only states that there is an infinity of primes in each class) and can be proved using similar methods used by Newman for his proof of the prime number theorem. [31] The Siegel–Walfisz theorem gives a good estimate for the distribution of primes in residue classes.
This result became a special case of Szemerédi's theorem on the density of sets of integers that avoid longer arithmetic progressions. [4] To distinguish Roth's bound on Salem–Spencer sets from Roth's theorem on Diophantine approximation of algebraic numbers, this result has been called Roth's theorem on arithmetic progressions. [11]
Sieve of Eratosthenes: algorithm steps for primes below 121 (including optimization of starting from prime's square). In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes is an ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit.
As of 2020, the longest known arithmetic progression of primes has length 27: [4] 224584605939537911 + 81292139·23#·n, for n = 0 to 26. (23# = 223092870) As of 2011, the longest known arithmetic progression of consecutive primes has length 10. It was found in 1998. [5] [6] The progression starts with a 93-digit number