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When refractive errors in children are not treated, the child may be at risk of developing ambylopia, where vision may remain permanently blurry. [33] Because young children typically do not complain of blurry vision, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children have yearly vision screening starting at three years old so that unknown refractive errors or other ophthalmic ...
Macular degeneration: Macular degeneration cause loss of central vision, blurred vision (especially while reading), metamorphopsia (seeing straight lines as wavy), and colors appearing faded. [11] Macular degeneration is the third main cause of blindness worldwide, and is the main cause of blindness in industrialised countries. [12]
Index: Age related changes in refractive index (cortical sclerosis) can cause hypermetropia. Another cause of index hypermetropia is diabetes. [ 2 ] Occasionally, mild hypermetropic shift may be seen in association with cortical or subcapsular cataract also.
Optical correction using glasses or contact lenses is the most common treatment; other approaches include orthokeratology, and refractive surgery. [ 71 ] : 21–26 Medications (mostly atropine ) and vision therapy can be effective in addressing the various forms of pseudomyopia .
Refractive errors include near-sightedness, far-sightedness, presbyopia, and astigmatism. [1] Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness. [1] Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections. [11]
It is a type of refractive error, along with nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. [4] Diagnosis is by an eye examination. [4] Presbyopia can be corrected using glasses, contact lenses, multifocal intraocular lenses, or LASIK (PresbyLASIK) surgery. [2] [7] [4] The most common treatment is glass correction using appropriate convex lens.