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A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
His political and religious authority was recognized throughout Middle East especially by Saladin ruler of Egypt. Caliph Al-Mustadi granted Saladin the title Sultan. Also gave him authority over holy cities; Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem. End of the Fatimid Caliphate in 1171, restoration of Abbasid authority in Egypt under Saladin. 34
Governor () Start End Caliph Comments 1 Amr ibn al-As: 661 January 664 Mu'awiya-Amr's arrangement : As per his agreement with Mu'awiya, Amr was installed as governor of Egypt for life and ruled as a virtual partner rather than a subordinate of Mu'awiya, who had become caliph after Ali's assassination and his son al-Hasan's abdication in 661.
Lists of rulers of Egypt: List of pharaohs (c. 3100 BC – 30 BC) List of Satraps of the 27th Dynasty (525–404 BC) List of Satraps of the 31st Dynasty (343–332 BC) List of governors of Roman Egypt (30 BC – 639 AD) List of rulers of Islamic Egypt (640–1517) List of Rashidun emirs (640–658) List of Umayyad wali (659–750)
The Fatimids conquer Egypt. 972: Buluggin ibn Ziri founds the rule of the Zirids in Algeria. 973: Shi'a–Sunni disturbances in Baghdad; power captured in Baghdad by the Turkish General Sabuktigin. 974: Abdication of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muti; accession of at-Ta'i. 975: Death of the Fatimid Caliph al-Muizz, accession of Al-Aziz Billah.
The longest-reigning Fatimid caliph, his reign saw increasing political instability and the near collapse of the dynasty at the hands of the Sunni warlord Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan. The Armenian general Badr al-Jamali restored order and saved the dynasty, but installed himself as a virtual military dictator (" vizier of the sword") independent ...
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers ... he abolished the Fatimid dynasty and realigned the country's ...
Abbasid caliphs — caliphs (Muslim rulers) of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258 Middle East, 1261–1517 Egypt) The main article for this category is List of Abbasid caliphs . v