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Nail clubbing, also known as digital clubbing or clubbing, is a deformity of the finger or toe nails associated with a number of diseases, anomalies and defects, some congenital, mostly of the heart and lungs. [2] [3] When it occurs together with joint effusions, joint pains, and abnormal skin and bone growth it is known as hypertrophic ...
Mutations of this gene have been seen in various familial TOF cases often lasting 2-3 generations. [32] FLNA is a protein coded by the gene of the same name that crosslinks actin filaments into networks in cytoplasm and helps anchor membrane proteins for the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations of this gene were seen to cause TOF in some patients. [34]
Acropachy is a dermopathy associated with Graves' disease. [1] It is characterized by soft-tissue swelling of the hands and clubbing of the fingers. Radiographic imaging of affected extremities typically demonstrates periostitis, most commonly the metacarpal bones.
Other changes may include feeling tired, and clubbing abnormally large and dome shaped finger and toenails. [1] Complications may include pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, pneumonia or pulmonary embolism. [1] The cause is unknown, hence the term idiopathic. [2]
When the condition occurs on all the twenty nails of the fingers and toes, it is known as twenty-nail dystrophy, most evident in childhood, [4] favoring males. [ 2 ] [ 5 ] Trachyonychia causes the nails to become opalescent, thin, dull, fragile, and finely longitudinally ridged, and, as a result, distally notched. [ 6 ]
Other names are primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy or Touraine-Solente-Golé syndrome. [2] It is mainly characterized by pachyderma (thickening of the skin), periostosis (excessive bone formation) and finger clubbing (swelling of tissue with loss of normal angle between nail and nail bed). [1] [3] This disease affects more men than women.
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[2] Causes include environmental pollution, certain medications, connective tissue diseases, infections, and interstitial lung diseases. [1] [3] [6] But in most cases the cause is unknown (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). [1] [3] Diagnosis may be based on symptoms, medical imaging, lung biopsy, and lung function tests. [1]