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Abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain can cause seizures. These symptoms are characteristic of the neurological disorder known as epilepsy. Epilepsy is typically diagnosed with an EEG test. [6] However, the effectiveness of MEG in the diagnosis of neocortical epilepsy has also been established. [7]
The EEG has been used for many purposes besides the conventional uses of clinical diagnosis and conventional cognitive neuroscience. An early use was during World War II by the U.S. Army Air Corps to screen out pilots in danger of having seizures; [116] long-term EEG recordings in epilepsy patients are still used today for seizure prediction.
Forced Normalization (FN) is a psychiatric phenomenon in which a long term episodic epilepsy or migraine disorder is treated, and, although the electroencephalogram (EEG) appears to have stabilized, acute behavioral, mood, and psychological disturbances begin to manifest.
A paper published in 2023 showed that burst suppression and epilepsy may share the same ephaptic coupling mechanism. [6] When inhibitory control is sufficiently low, as in the case of certain general anesthetics such as sevoflurane (due to a decrease in the firing of interneurons [7]), electric fields are able to recruit neighboring cells to fire synchronously, in a burst suppression pattern.
If several million neurons discharge at once, it shows up on a scalp EEG as a focal interictal epileptiform spike. Paroxysmal depolarizing shifts can lead to an epileptic seizure if there is an underlying predisposition, and recording the spike can be an important aid in distinguishing seizure types. [citation needed]
Richard Caton discovered electrical activity in the cerebral hemispheres of rabbits and monkeys and presented his findings in 1875. [4] Adolf Beck published in 1890 his observations of spontaneous electrical activity of the brain of rabbits and dogs that included rhythmic oscillations altered by light, detected with electrodes directly placed on the surface of the brain. [5]
Epilepsy can often be confirmed with an EEG, but a normal reading does not rule out the condition. [4] Epilepsy that occurs as a result of other issues may be preventable. [1] Seizures are controllable with medication in about 69% of cases; [7] inexpensive anti-seizure medications are often available. [1]
In individuals with idiopathic generalized epilepsy, K-complex induced synchronization can trigger spike-and-wave discharges. This tends to happen most between the shift between waking and NREM, and between NREM and REM sleep. [11] In autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, K-complexes are almost invariably present at the start of ...