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Southern or South Sámi (Southern Sami: åarjelsaemien gïele; Norwegian: sørsamisk; Swedish: sydsamiska) is the southwesternmost of the Sámi languages, and is spoken in Norway and Sweden. It is an endangered language .
The Sámi languages (/ ˈ s ɑː m i / SAH-mee), [4] also rendered in English as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the Indigenous Sámi peoples in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami ...
Some words specific to the Arctic environment have been loaned to English, specifically: (archaic) morse ('walrus') ← Sámi morša (via Slavic); and tundra ← Kildin Sámi tūnndra 'to the treeless plain' (via Russian).
The literary language there that followed this principle was based on the old Ume Sámi literary language from the 18th century. This same literary language was partially used as the basis for the modern literary languages of Southern Sámi and Lule Sámi. The oldest orthography for Northern Sámi in Norway, that of Knud Leem, upholds this ...
According to the comparative linguist Ante Aikio, the Sami proto-language developed in South Finland or in Karelia around 2000–2500 years ago, spreading then to northern Fennoscandia. [9] The genetic lineage of the Sami is unique, and may reflect an early history of geographic isolation, genetic drift, and genetic bottle-necking.
The Sámi language first developed on the southern side of Lake Onega and Lake Ladoga and spread from there. When the speakers of this language extended to the area of modern-day Finland, they encountered groups of peoples who spoke a number of smaller ancient languages (Paleo-Laplandic languages), which later became extinct
The region stretches over four countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia.To the north, it is bounded by the Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, and White Sea. [2] [3] Lapland (/ ˈ l æ p l æ n d /) has been a historical term for areas inhabited by the Sami based on the older term "Lapp" for its inhabitants, a term which is now considered outdated or pejorative. [4]
Ume Sámi (Ume Sami: Ubmejesámiengiälla, Norwegian: Umesamisk, Swedish: Umesamiska) is a Sámi language spoken in Sweden and formerly in Norway. It is a moribund language with an estimated 100 speakers. It was spoken mainly along the Ume River in the south of present-day Arjeplog, in Sorsele and in Arvidsjaur. [2] [3]