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An overline, overscore, or overbar, is a typographical feature of a horizontal line drawn immediately above the text. In old mathematical notation, an overline was called a vinculum, a notation for grouping symbols which is expressed in modern notation by parentheses, though it persists for symbols under a radical sign.
A dot above and a dot below a letter represent [a], transliterated as a or ă, Two diagonally-placed dots above a letter represent [ɑ], transliterated as ā or â or å, Two horizontally-placed dots below a letter represent [ɛ], transliterated as e or ĕ; often pronounced [ɪ] and transliterated as i in the East Syriac dialect,
The definition of a Latin-script letter for this list is a character encoded in the Unicode Standard that has a script property of ... L with comma above and line below:
Circled Latin capital letter C ¤ Currency sign: Square lozenge ("Pillow") various Currency symbols † ‡ Dagger: Obelus: Footnotes, Latin cross – — Dash: Hyphen, Hyphen-minus, minus sign: Em dash, En dash ° Degree sign: Masculine ordinal indicator * * * Dinkus: Asterism, Fleuron, Dingbat (many) Dingbat: Dinkus, Fleuron ⌀ Diameter
These are usually handwritten on the paper containing the text. Symbols are interleaved in the text, while abbreviations may be placed in a margin with an arrow pointing to the problematic text. Different languages use different proofreading marks and sometimes publishers have their own in-house proofreading marks.
In Old English texts a macron above a letter indicates the omission of an m or n that would normally follow that letter. In older handwriting such as the German Kurrentschrift, the macron over an a-e-i-o-u or ä-ö-ü stood for an n, or over an m or an n meant that the letter was doubled. This continued into print in English in the sixteenth ...
Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...
Latin Capital Letter B with line below U+1E07 ḇ Latin Small Letter B with line below U+1E08 Ḉ Latin Capital Letter C with cedilla and acute: U+1E09 ḉ Latin Small Letter C with cedilla and acute U+1E0A Ḋ Latin Capital Letter D with dot above 0649 ISO 8859-14: U+1E0B ḋ Latin Small Letter D with dot above 0650 U+1E0C Ḍ