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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (also PFAS, [1] PFASs, [2] and sometimes referred to as "forever chemicals" [3] [4]) are a group of synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain; there are 7 million such chemicals according to PubChem. [5]
Trifluoroacetic acid is a widely employed acid, used for example in the synthesis of peptides.Its esters are useful in analytical chemistry. Longer-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, e.g. with five to nine carbons, are useful fluorosurfactants and emulsifiers used in the production of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) and related fluoropolymers.
It is used as a surfactant and protective coating in applications such as aqueous firefighting foams, textile coating, metal plating and in polishing agents. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] PFHxS production is slowly being phased out since 3M stopped producing C 6 fluorotelomers in 2002, but production by other companies may be ongoing. [ 4 ]
Pentafluorophenol, a perfluorinated compound.. A perfluorinated compound (PFC) or perfluoro compound is an organofluorine compound that lacks C-H bonds. Many perfluorinated compounds have properties that are quite different from their C-H containing analogues.
Perfluoroalkyl substances, resistant to breaking down in the environment, have been linked to cancers, liver damage and other health problems. Drinking water widely contaminated with 'forever ...
Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) is a perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid with the formula C 3 F 7 CO 2 H. As the perfluorinated derivative of butyric acid , this colourless liquid is prepared by electrofluorination of the corresponding butyryl fluoride.
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl chemicals, collectively known as PFAS, consist of more than 12,000 man-made chemical compounds that are "used in a broad array of consumer products," Susie Dai ...
October 2003 A report by Oregon State University's Jennifer Field which was based on "data on fluorosurfactants in groundwater at three military sites where AFFF was used to train fire responders" concluded that the "perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and perfluoroalkyl carboxylates found in the groundwater came from PFOS-based AFFF agents". [44]