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Mancala (Arabic: منقلة manqalah) is a family of two-player turn-based strategy board games played with small stones, beans, or seeds and rows of holes or pits in the earth, a board or other playing surface. The objective is usually to capture all or some set of the opponent's pieces.
The number of pits in each row may vary; it is usually 8, 10, or 12. 48 seeds are used. As for many traditional mancala games, it is unclear whether the initial setup is fixed or if it may be chosen by an agreement between the players. Anyway, some of the most typical setups for 2x12 and 2x18 boards are like this: 3 3 0 3 3 0 3 3 0 3 3 0
Mangala is a traditional Turkish mancala game. [2] It is strictly related to the mancala games Iraqi Halusa , Palestinian Al-manqala , and Baltic German Bohnenspiel . There is also another game referred as Mangala played by the Bedouin in Egypt , and Sudan , but it has quite different rules.
The game provides a Kalah board and a number of seeds or counters. The board has 6 small pits, called houses, on each side; and a big pit, called an end zone or store, at each end. The object of the game is to capture more seeds than one's opponent. At the beginning of the game, four seeds are placed in each house. This is the traditional method.
Aw-li On-nam Ot-tjin (or simply Otjin) is a traditional mancala game played by the Penihing people of Borneo. The first transcription of the rules of the game was completed by norwegian ethnographist Carl Sofus Lumholtz. Despite its origin, Otjin is similar to african mancalas such as Ba-awa and quite different than most Asian mancalas.
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Alexander Johan de Voogt or simply Alex de Voogt (Baarn, 3 May 1970) is a Dutch researcher and Professor at Drew University, who worked as a curator of African Ethnology at the American Museum of Natural History and best known for his work on the history and distribution of traditional mancala games.
The game ends when all the pieces are captured. If both Mandarin pieces are captured, the remaining citizen pieces belong to the player controlling the side that these pieces are on. There is a Vietnamese saying to express this situation: "hết quan, tàn dân, thu quân, bán ruộng" (literally: "Mandarin is gone, citizen dismisses, take back the army, selling the rice field") or "hết ...