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2. Wheeze - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeze

   A wheeze is a clinical symptom of a continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during breathing. [1] For wheezes to occur, part of the respiratory tree must be narrowed or obstructed (for example narrowing of the lower respiratory tract in an asthmatic attack), or airflow velocity within the respiratory tree must be heightened.

3. Respiratory sounds - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_sounds

   Respiratory sounds, also known as lung sounds or breath sounds, are the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. [1] These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral characteristics of lung sounds. [2]

4. Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_exacerbation_of...

   Airway inflammation is increased during the exacerbation resulting in increased hyperinflation, reduced expiratory air flow and decreased gas exchange. [1] [2] Exacerbations can be classified as mild, moderate, and severe. [3] As COPD progresses, exacerbations tend to become more frequent, the average being about three episodes per year. [4]

5. Lung volumes and capacities - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_volumes_and_capacities

   Lung volumes and lung capacities are measures of the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. The average total lung capacity of an adult human male is about 6 litres of air. [1] Tidal breathing is normal, resting breathing; the tidal volume is the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled in only a single such ...

6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive...

   Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...

7. Spirometry - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirometry

   Forced expiratory flow (FEF) is the flow (or speed) of air coming out of the lung during the middle portion of a forced expiration. It can be given at discrete times, generally defined by what fraction of the forced vital capacity (FVC) has been exhaled. The usual discrete intervals are 25%, 50% and 75% (FEF25, FEF50 and FEF75), or 25% and 50% ...