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The historical kana orthography (歴史的仮名遣い, rekishiteki kanazukai), or old orthography (旧仮名遣い, kyū kanazukai), refers to the kana orthography (正仮名遣い, sei kana-zukai) in general use until orthographic reforms after World War II; the current orthography was adopted by Cabinet order in 1946. [1]
In the 1900 kana usage reforms, hentaigana (old variant forms of kana) were eliminated, though historical kana orthography (dating to the Heian period, a millennium before) was retained. A separate character for n ん was also prescribed; previously it had been written as む (the same as mu ) and ん was a hentaigana for both these sounds.
Kanazukai (仮 (か) 名 (な) 遣 (づか) い, ‘kana usage’) are the orthographic rules for spelling Japanese in kana. All phonographic systems (of which kana is an example) attempt to account accurately the pronunciation in their spellings. However, pronunciation and accents change over time and phonemic distinctions are often lost.
Special kana orthography of the early era) is an archaic kana orthography system used to write Old Japanese during the Nara period. Its primary feature is to distinguish between two groups of syllables that later merged. The existence and meaning of this system is a critical point of scholarly debate in the study of the history of the Japanese ...
'Kana' is a compound of kari (仮, 'borrowed; assumed; false') and na (名, 'name'), which eventually collapsed into kanna and ultimately 'kana'. [3]Today it is generally assumed that 'kana' were considered "false" kanji due to their purely phonetic nature, as opposed to mana which were "true" kanji used for their meanings.
Frank Hope Sr. founded Frank L. Hope & Associates in 1928. Prior to establishing the firm, Hope attended (but did not graduate from) the University of California, Berkeley, and the Carnegie Institute of Architecture, was employed in the design department of a ship builder during World War I, then worked for the architectural firm of Requa & Jackson.
Robert Mosher (September 27, 1920 – July 26, 2015) was an American architect who operated primarily in Southern California. [1] [self-published source] Mosher was a Taliesin apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright, and a pioneer of the post-war modernist architecture movement in San Diego.
Quigley is known for his commitment to developing sustainable architecture. Some examples of his work include The San Diego Children's Museum [3] which does not include air conditioning or heating systems in the main galleries; Torr Kaelan, the firm's mixed-used building; [4] and the Ocean Discovery Institute [5] are net zero energy structures.