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Ochre (/ ˈ oʊ k ər / OH-kər; from Ancient Greek ὤχρα (ṓkhra), from ὠχρός (ōkhrós) 'pale'), iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. [2] It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown.
Encountering a vein of ochre there, they tried to mine ochre along with silver; therefore the ancients had at their disposal excellent supplies of ochre for finishing their works.” [4] Pliny the Elder fully confirms his opinion in Natural History (book thirty-three). “The best ochre is the one called Attic; its price is 2 denarii per pound.
Golden ochre is one of the oldest paints, known as a painting material since the times of cave paintings. In wall painting it is one of the main yellow pigments. Golden ochre has good density, the same covering power, high light fastness, pure color and soft structure. To this day it is used in all painting techniques without exception.
Ochre and orpiment pigments were used to represent gold and skin color in Egyptian tombs, then in the murals in Roman villas. [4] In the early Christian church, yellow was the color associated with the Pope and the golden keys of the Kingdom, but it was also associated with Judas Iscariot and used to mark heretics.
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Goethite is an important component of ochre pigments, [21] and has been heat-treated for use as a red pigment since Paleolithic times. [22] Iron-rich lateritic soils that have developed over serpentinite rocks in tropical climates are mined for their iron content, as well as other metals.
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Iron ochre or iron ocher (Ancient Greek: ὠχρός, pale yellow, orange) refers to at least three iron ore minerals, [1]: 134 common abrasives and pigments with a red-brown or brown-orange hue and the powdery consistency of ocher, were known under such a trivial name. The term “iron ocher” was primarily used among mineral collectors ...