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Hydrocephalus can be classified via mechanism into communicating, noncommunicating, ex vacuo, and normal pressure hydrocephalus. Diagnosis is made by physical examination and medical imaging, such as a CT scan. [1] Hydrocephalus is typically treated through surgery. One option is the placement of a shunt system. [1]
The surgical treatment options for hydrocephalus are, as previously mentioned, implantation of a cerebral shunt and ETV. Especially in the youngest age group (younger than two years of age) it remains uncertain what is the superior treatment modality. Currently, a large international, multicenter study is conducted to address this issue.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), also called malresorptive hydrocephalus, is a form of communicating hydrocephalus in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the ventricles, leading to normal or slightly elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
Craniosynostosis occurs when the sutures of the skull close too early. The result of multiple sutures fusing before the brain stops growing is an increase in ICP leading to hydrocephalus. [17] 0.05% [18] Post-meningitic hydrocephalus The inflammation and scarring caused by meningitis can inhibit CSF absorption. Dandy–Walker syndrome
The enlarged skull of a person with hydrocephalus, which is a symptom of the excess CSF in the ventricular system. This may be caused by aqueductal stenosis, and in some cases, it is thought that hydrocephalus will cause aqueductal stenosis. Many of the signs and symptoms of aqueductal stenosis are similar to those of hydrocephalus.
An external ventricular drain (EVD), also known as a ventriculostomy or extraventricular drain, is a device used in neurosurgery to treat hydrocephalus and relieve elevated intracranial pressure when the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the brain is obstructed.
The treatment is designed for a range of movement ... obstructive hydrocephalus, ... only advisable for severely affected, treatment-refractory TS adults". [47 ...
The prognosis after successful hydrocephalus treatment is usually good but depends on any associated condition and its symptoms. [5] [6] Those without hydrocephalus are treated based on any associated symptoms or condition. [13] The prevalence of DWM is estimated at between 1 in 25,000 to 1 in 50,000.