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In economics, a budget constraint represents all the combinations of goods and services that a consumer may purchase given current prices within their given income. Consumer theory uses the concepts of a budget constraint and a preference map as tools to examine the parameters of consumer choices .
The bucket elimination algorithm can be adapted for constraint optimization. A given variable can be indeed removed from the problem by replacing all soft constraints containing it with a new soft constraint. The cost of this new constraint is computed assuming a maximal value for every value of the removed variable.
The theory of constraints (TOC) is a management paradigm that views any manageable system as being limited in achieving more of its goals by a very small number of constraints. There is always at least one constraint, and TOC uses a focusing process to identify the constraint and restructure the rest of the organization around it.
For example, in economics the optimal profit to a player is calculated subject to a constrained space of actions, where a Lagrange multiplier is the change in the optimal value of the objective function (profit) due to the relaxation of a given constraint (e.g. through a change in income); in such a context is the marginal cost of the ...
In economics, a liquidity constraint is a form of imperfection in the capital market which imposes a limit on the amount an individual can borrow, or an alteration in the interest rate they pay. [1] By raising the cost of borrowing or restricting the amount of borrowing, it prevents individuals from fully optimising their behaviour over time ...
For instance, from the example above in economics, if the maximal utility of two goods is achieved when the quantity of goods x and y are (−2, 5), and the utility is subject to the constraint x and y are greater than or equal to 0 (one cannot consume a negative quantity of goods) as is usually the case, then the actual solution to the problem ...
The economics of information has recently become of great interest to many - possibly due to the rise of information-based companies inside the technology industry. [13] From a game theory approach, the usual constraints that agents have complete information can be loosened to further examine the consequences of having incomplete information.
The cash-in-advance constraint, also known as the Clower constraint after American economist Robert W. Clower, [1] is an idea used in economic theory to capture monetary phenomena.