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The most up-to-date chronology of sea level change through the Phanerozoic shows the following long-term trends: [16] Gradually rising sea level through the Cambrian; Relatively stable sea level in the Ordovician, with a large drop associated with the end-Ordovician glaciation; Relative stability at the lower level during the Silurian
Relative sea level can change by the processes changing eustatic sea level (e.g., ice melt and thermal expansion), but also by changes on land such as subsidence and isostatic rebound. In sequence stratigraphy, relative sea level is similarly defined as the distance from the ocean surface to the bottom of the sediment on the ocean floor. [2]
Comparison of two sea level reconstructions during the last 500 Myr: Exxon curve and Hallam curve. The scale of change during the last glacial/interglacial transition is indicated with a black bar. The sea-level curve (also known as the eustatic curve) is the representation of the changes of the sea level relative to present day mean sea level ...
While sea level rise is uniform around the globe, some land masses are moving up or down as a consequence of subsidence (land sinking or settling) or post-glacial rebound (land rising as melting ice reduces weight). Therefore, local relative sea level rise may be higher or lower than the global average. Changing ice masses also affect the ...
Height above mean sea level (AMSL) is the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of an object, relative to a reference datum for mean sea level (MSL). It is also used in aviation, where some heights are recorded and reported with respect to mean sea level (contrast with flight level ), and in the atmospheric sciences , and in land ...
The sea-level equation (SLE) is a linear integral equation that describes the sea-level variations associated with the PGR. The basic idea of the SLE dates back to 1888, when Woodward published his pioneering work on the form and position of mean sea level , [ 45 ] and only later has been refined by Platzman [ 46 ] and Farrell [ 47 ] in the ...
The opposite of transgression is regression where the sea level falls relative to the land and exposes the former sea bottom. During the Pleistocene Ice Age , so much water was removed from the oceans and stored on land as year-round glaciers that the ocean regressed 120 m, exposing the Bering land bridge between Alaska and Asia.
Eustatic sea level is the sea level with reference to a fixed point, the centre of the Earth. Relative sea level is measured with reference to the base level, above which erosion can occur and below which deposition can occur. Both eustatic sea level changes and subsidence rates tend to be longer cycles.