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Sandpaper, also known as glasspaper or as coated abrasive, is a type of material that consists of sheets of paper or cloth with an abrasive substance glued to one face. [1] In the modern manufacture of these products, sand and glass have been replaced by other abrasives such as aluminium oxide or silicon carbide.
Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum (/ ˌ k ɑːr b ə ˈ r ʌ n d əm /), is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon. A wide bandgap semiconductor , it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite , but has been mass-produced as a powder and crystal since 1893 for use as an abrasive .
Edward Goodrich Acheson (March 9, 1856 – July 6, 1931) was an American chemist. [1] Born in Washington, Pennsylvania, he was the inventor of the Acheson process, which is still used to make silicon carbide (carborundum).
The first type of lapping (traditionally often called grinding), involves rubbing a brittle material such as glass against a surface such as iron or glass itself (also known as the "lap" or grinding tool) with an abrasive such as aluminum oxide, jeweller's rouge, optician's rouge, emery, silicon carbide, diamond, etc., between them
This is a list of silicon producers. The industry involves several very different stages of production. Production starts at silicon metal, which is the material used to gain high purity silicon. High purity silicon in different grades of purity is used for growing silicon ingots, which are sliced to wafers in a process called wafering.
Sandblasting: Graded sand serves as an abrasive in cleaning, preparing, and polishing. Silicon: Quartz sand is a raw material for the production of silicon. Thermal weapon: While not in widespread use anymore, sand used to be heated and poured on invading troops in the classical and medieval time periods.
The most abrasive are shot blasting (with metal shot) and sandblasting (with sand). Moderately abrasive variants include glass bead blasting (with glass beads) and plastic media blasting (PMB) with ground-up plastic stock or walnut shells and corncobs. Some of these substances can cause anaphylactic shock to individuals allergic to the media. [3]
Silicon carbide was a useful material in jewelry making due to its abrasive properties, and this was the first commercial application of the Acheson process. [3] In the 1940s, first the Manhattan Project and then the Soviet atomic bomb project adopted Acheson process for nuclear graphite manufacturing (see details there).