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Disulfiram is a medication used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (drinking alcohol). Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (specifically the ALDH2 enzyme [3]), causing many of the effects of a hangover to be felt immediately following alcohol consumption.
Militaries worldwide have used or are using various psychoactive drugs to improve performance of soldiers by suppressing hunger, increasing the ability to sustain effort without food, increasing and lengthening wakefulness and concentration, suppressing fear, reducing empathy, and improving reflexes and memory-recall, amongst other things.
Disulfiram-alcohol reaction (DAR) is the effect of the interaction in the human body of alcohol drunk with disulfiram or some types of mushrooms. [1] [2] The DAR is key to disulfiram therapy that is widely used for alcohol-aversive treatment and management of other addictions (e.g. cocaine [3] [4] use).
In 1951, Wyeth launched Antabuse, a drug for the treatment of alcoholism, ... The Wyeth brand is still owned by Pfizer. [citation needed] Subsidiaries
11668 Ensembl ENSG00000165092 ENSMUSG00000053279 UniProt P00352 P24549 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000689 NM_013467 RefSeq (protein) NP_000680 NP_038495 NP_001348432 NP_001348433 NP_001348434 NP_001348435 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 72.9 – 73.08 Mb Chr 19: 20.49 – 20.64 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1, also known as ALDH1A1 or ...
A disulfiram-like drug is a drug that causes an adverse reaction to alcohol leading to nausea, vomiting, flushing, dizziness, throbbing headache, chest and abdominal discomfort, and general hangover-like symptoms among others.
The idea that acetaldehyde is the cause of the flush is also shown by the clinical use of disulfiram (Antabuse), which blocks the removal of acetaldehyde from the body via ALDH inhibition. The high acetaldehyde concentrations described share similarity to symptoms of the flush (flushing of the skin, accelerated heart rate, shortness of breath ...
Still sold in the US Levamisole (Ergamisol) 1999 US Still used as veterinary drug and as a human antihelminthic in many markets; listed on the WHO List of Essential Medicines. In humans, it was used to treat melanoma before it was withdrawn for agranulocytosis. [29] [30] [31] Levomethadyl acetate: 2003 US Cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. [2]