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Crankshaft, pistons and connecting rods for a typical internal combustion engine Marine engine crankshafts from 1942. The crankshaft is located within the engine block and held in place via main bearings which allow the crankshaft to rotate within the block. [3] The up-down motion of each piston is transferred to the crankshaft via connecting ...
When describing a crankshaft design, the number of main bearings is generally quoted, as the number of crank pins is determined by the cylinder layout. For example, the Toyota VZ V6 engine is described as having a "four bearing crankshaft" and the Jaguar XK6 straight-six engine has a "seven bearing crankshaft".
A crankpin or crank pin, also known as a rod bearing journal, [1] is a mechanical device in an engine which connects the crankshaft to the connecting rod for each cylinder. It has a cylindrical surface, to allow the crankpin to rotate relative to the "big end" of the connecting rod.
A schematic of a journal bearing under a hydrodynamic lubrication state showing how the journal centerline shifts from the bearing centerline. The types of lubrication system can be categorized into three groups: [10] Class I: bearings that require the application of a lubricant from an external source (e.g., oil, grease, etc.).
From the geometry shown in the diagram above, the following variables are defined: rod length (distance between piston pin and crank pin) crank radius (distance between crank center and crank pin, i.e. half stroke) crank angle (from cylinder bore centerline at TDC)
The crankshaft runs in seven main bearings and the journals are offset 22° to one another, in order to accommodate the offset cylinder placement. [4] This also allows the use of a 120° firing interval between cylinders. [5] The firing order is: 1, 5, 3, 6, 2, 4. [6]
In these engines, the casting extends 3.625 in (92.1 mm) below the crankshaft centerline, which is more than an inch below the bottom of the crank journals. Blocks were cast in two major groups: top-oiler and side-oiler. The top-oiler block sent oil to the top center first, the side-oiler block sent oil along a passage located on the lower side ...
A flat-eight engine, also called a horizontally-opposed eight, is an eight-cylinder piston engine with two banks of four inline cylinders, one on each side of a central crankshaft, 180° apart. In a flat-eight engine, the connecting rods for corresponding pistons from the left and right banks may share a crankshaft journal.