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Amniotic fluid protects the developing fetus by cushioning against blows to the mother's abdomen, allowing for easier fetal movement and promoting muscular/skeletal development. Amniotic fluid swallowed by the fetus helps in the formation of the gastrointestinal tract. It also protects the fetus from mechanical jerks and shocks.
The amniotic sac, also called the bag of waters [1] [2] or the membranes, [3] is the sac in which the embryo and later fetus develops in amniotes.It is a thin but tough transparent pair of membranes that hold a developing embryo (and later fetus) until shortly before birth.
The amnion and the chorion are the chorioamniotic membranes that make up the amniotic sac which surrounds and protects the embryo. [2] The fetal membranes are four of six accessory organs developed by the conceptus that are not part of the embryo itself, the other two are the placenta, and the umbilical cord. [1]
The amnion, along with the chorion, the yolk sac and the allantois protect the embryo. In birds, reptiles and monotremes, the protective sac is enclosed in a shell. In marsupials and placental mammals, it is enclosed in a uterus. The amnion is a feature of the vertebrate clade Amniota, which includes reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Together they protect the delicate fetal skin from being damaged by the amniotic fluid. [5] The vernix caseosa also helps to prepare the fetus for life outside the womb. It provides lubrication for birth and contributes to thermoregulation, prevention of water loss, and innate immunity.
Wally was given a 3% chance to survive the pregnancy, but his brother, Ezra, might have actually saved him in the womb. Emilie Vogas shares a moment with her boys, Wally, left, and Ezra, right.
Newborn baby immediately after birth, covered in vernix Vernix caseosa , also known as vernix , is the waxy white substance found coating the skin of newborn human babies . [ 1 ] It is produced by dedicated cells and is thought to have some protective roles during fetal development and for a few hours after birth.
The allantois (/ ə ˈ l æ n t oʊ ɪ s / a-LAN-toe-iss; [1] pl.: allantoides or allantoises) is one the extraembryonic membranes arising from the yolk sac.It is a hollow sac-like structure filled with clear fluid that forms part of the developing conceptus in an amniote that helps the embryo exchange gases and handle liquid waste.