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The original TCP configurations supported TCP receive window size buffers of up to 65,535 (64 KiB - 1) bytes, which was adequate for slow links or links with small RTTs. Larger buffers are required by the high performance options described below. Buffering is used throughout high performance network systems to handle delays in the system.
TCP window scale option is needed for efficient transfer of data when the bandwidth-delay product (BDP) is greater than 64 KB [1].For instance, if a T1 transmission line of 1.5 Mbit/s was used over a satellite link with a 513 millisecond round-trip time (RTT), the bandwidth-delay product is ,, =, bits or about 96,187 bytes.
A bloated buffer has an effect only when this buffer is actually used. In other words, oversized buffers have a damaging effect only when the link they buffer becomes a bottleneck. The size of the buffer serving a bottleneck can be measured using the ping utility provided by most operating systems. First, the other host should be pinged ...
It is a receiver-side algorithm that employs a loss-based approach using a novel mechanism, called agility factor (AF). to increase the bandwidth utilization over high-speed and short-distance networks (low bandwidth-delay product networks) such as local area networks or fiber-optic network, especially when the applied buffer size is small. [24]
This acknowledgement announces that the receiver is ready to receive n frames, beginning with the number specified. Both the sender and receiver maintain what is called a window. The size of the window is less than or equal to the buffer size. Sliding window flow control has far better performance than stop-and-wait flow control.
A solution recommended by Nagle, that prevents the algorithm sending premature packets, is by buffering up application writes then flushing the buffer: [1] The user-level solution is to avoid write–write–read sequences on sockets. Write–read–write–read is fine. Write–write–write is fine. But write–write–read is a killer.
However, it requires buffering which increases linearly with the number of flows bottlenecked at a link. The paper [6] proposes a new TCP algorithm that extends FAST TCP to achieve (α, n)-proportional fairness in steady state, yielding buffer requirements which grow only as the nth power of the number of flows. The authors call the new ...
As long as the bandwidth can support the stream, and the buffer size is sufficient, buffering only causes a detectable delay before the start of media playback. However, for interactive real-time applications, e.g., voice over IP (VoIP), PDV can be a serious issue and hence VoIP transmissions may need quality-of-service –enabled networks to ...