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SSR antenna of Deutsche Flugsicherung at Neubrandenburg, in Mecklenburg/Western Pomerania Transponder in a private aircraft squawking 2000. Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) [1] is a radar system used in air traffic control (ATC), that unlike primary radar systems that measure the bearing and distance of targets using the detected reflections of radio signals, relies on targets equipped with ...
Daytona Beach International Airport Surveillance Radar. An airport surveillance radar (ASR) is a radar system used at airports to detect and display the presence and position of aircraft in the terminal area, the airspace around airports. It is the main air traffic control system for the airspace around airports. At large airports it typically ...
The altitude information is passed to the transponder using a modified form of the modified Gray code called a Gillham code. Mode A and C responses are used to help air traffic controllers identify a particular aircraft's position and altitude on a radar screen, in order to maintain separation. [2]
Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) is referred to as "secondary", to distinguish it from the "primary radar" that works by passively reflecting a radio signal off the skin of the aircraft. Primary radar determines range and bearing to a target with reasonably high fidelity, but it cannot determine target elevation (altitude) reliably except at ...
The primary surveillance radar is subject to the radar equation that says signal strength drops off as the fourth power of distance to the target. Objects detected using the PSR are known as primary targets. The second system is the secondary surveillance radar, or SSR, which depends on a cooperating transponder installed on the aircraft being ...
The transponder gets its altitude information from an encoding altimeter mounted behind the instrument panel that communicates via the Gillham code. Gillham code is a zero-padded 12-bit binary code using a parallel nine- [ 1 ] to eleven-wire interface , [ 2 ] the Gillham interface , that is used to transmit uncorrected barometric altitude ...
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IFF Mark X was the NATO standard military identification friend or foe transponder system from the early 1950s until it was slowly replaced by the IFF Mark XII in the 1970s. It was also adopted by ICAO, with some modifications, as the civilian air traffic control (ATC) secondary radar (SSR) transponder.