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  2. Limnology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnology

    Similar to light zonation, thermal stratification or thermal zonation is a way of grouping parts of the water body within an aquatic system based on the temperature of different lake layers. The less turbid the water, the more light is able to penetrate, and thus heat is conveyed deeper in the water. [17]

  3. Paleoclimatology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatology

    Changes in the layering thickness can be used to determine changes in precipitation or temperature. Oxygen-18 quantity changes (δ 18 O) in ice layers represent changes in average ocean surface temperature. Water molecules containing the heavier O-18 evaporate at a higher temperature than water molecules containing the normal Oxygen-16 isotope ...

  4. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but it is possible for a single compound to form different phases that are in the same state of matter. For example, ice is the solid state of water, but there are multiple phases of ice with different crystal structures, which are formed at different pressures and temperatures.

  5. Biogeochemical cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeochemical_cycle

    In the water cycle, the universal solvent water evaporates from land and oceans to form clouds in the atmosphere, and then precipitates back to different parts of the planet. Precipitation can seep into the ground and become part of groundwater systems used by plants and other organisms, or can runoff the surface to form lakes

  6. Water cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle

    The diagram also shows how human water use impacts where water is stored and how it moves. [1] The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle) is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time.

  7. Hydrology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrology

    Rain falling over a drainage basin in Scotland.Understanding the cycling of water into, through, and out of catchments is a key element of hydrology. Hydrology (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and -λογία () 'study of') is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources, and ...

  8. Glossary of environmental science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_environmental...

    manure - organic matter used as fertilizer in agriculture. market benefits - benefits of a climate policy that can be measured in terms of avoided market impacts such as changes in resource productivity (e.g., lower agricultural yields, scarcer water resources) and damages to human-built environment (e.g., coastal flooding due to sea-level rise).

  9. Glossary of ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_ecology

    water vapor The gaseous state of water. watershed The area of land from which rain and melted snow drains downhill into a body of water (i.e. a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean). web of life The feeding relationships between different species in a given ecosystem. Also called a food chain, food network, or trophic social ...