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In knitting, binding off, or casting off, is a family of techniques for ending a column (a wale) of stitches.Binding off is typically used to define the final (usually upper, taking the cast on edge as the lower) edge of a knitted fabric, although it may also be used in other contexts, e.g., in making button holes.
In knitting, casting on is a family of techniques for adding new stitches that do not depend on earlier stitches, i.e., having an independent lower edge. In principle, it is the opposite of binding off , but the techniques involved are generally unrelated.
Vertical and horizontal edges can be introduced within a knitted fabric, e.g., for button holes, by binding/casting off and re-casting on again (horizontal) or by knitting the fabrics on either side of a vertical edge separately. Two knitted fabrics can be joined by embroidery-based grafting methods, most commonly the Kitchener stitch.
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Once the knitted piece is finished, the remaining live stitches are "cast off". Casting (or "binding") off loops the stitches across each other so they can be removed from the needle without unravelling the item. Although the mechanics are different from casting on, there is a similar variety of methods.
A raised increase, knitting into row below (k-b, k 1 b) A lifted increase, knitting into the yarn between the stitches (inc, m1) Knit front and back (kfb) Purl front and back (, pass slipped stitch over (S1, K1, PSSO) for a left-leaning decrease. Knit two together through the back loops (K2tog tbl) for a left-leaning decrease.
Short rows are also useful in making more attractive bound off edges over multiple rows, e.g., in a raglan armhole, in a sleeve cap, or over a shoulder slant. The stitches to be bound off can be "held in reserve" on the knitting needles without being knitted using short rows. At the end, all the stitches can be bound off at once, producing a ...
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