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The United Nations (UN) has operated territorial police forces in those parts of countries which have been under control of the UN from time to time. These were usually formed from police personnel on loan from member countries. A recent example is the use of such a force in East Timor in substitution for Indonesian National Police.
In France white or silver insignia traditionally indicates a mounted arm and the white insignia evolved from the gendarmerie's origins as a predominantly mounted force. Its territorial divisions are based on the administrative divisions of France , particularly the departments from which the Departmental Gendarmerie derives its name.
They gradually coalesced into a police force with jurisdiction over the whole population on almost the entire territory of France. [1] [2] [3] They retained powers of extraordinary justice (known as prévôtale) until the French Revolution. Reforms carried out in the 18th century created the first national police force. [2]
France has two national police forces: [1]: 77 The National Police (Police nationale), formerly called the "Sûreté", is considered a civilian police force. Its origins date back to 1812 and was created by Eugène François Vidocq. In 1966, its name was officially changed to "Police Nationale".
The National Gendarmerie (French: Gendarmerie nationale [ʒɑ̃daʁməʁi nɑsjɔnal]) is one of two national law enforcement forces of France, along with the National Police. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French Armed Forces placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior, with additional duties from the Ministry of Armed ...
The French Armed Forces (French: Forces armées françaises, pronounced [fɔʁs aʁme fʁɑ̃sɛz]) are the military forces of France. They consist of four military branches – the Army, the Navy, the Air and Space Force and the National Gendarmerie. The National Guard serves as the French Armed Forces' military reserve force.
Freiwilliger Polizeidienst: Auxiliary police force, only in the states of Baden-Württemberg and Hesse; Sicherheitspartner: Auxiliary police force, only in the state of Brandenburg; Sicherheitswacht: Auxiliary police force, only in the states of Bavaria and Saxony; Justiz: Penitentiary police; Car of the Stadtpolizei in Frankfurt. in Bavaria solely
A gendarmerie or gendarmery is a military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term maréchaussée (lit. ' marshalcy ') may also be used (e.g., Royal Marechaussee) but is now uncommon. Although pioneered in France, the concept of a gendarmerie was adopted by several other European nations during the Napoleonic ...