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Shown is a sphere in Stokes flow, at very low Reynolds number. Stokes flow (named after George Gabriel Stokes), also named creeping flow or creeping motion, [1] is a type of fluid flow where advective inertial forces are small compared with viscous forces. [2] The Reynolds number is low, i.e. . This is a typical situation in flows where the ...
For the case of a sphere in a uniform far field flow, it is advantageous to use a cylindrical coordinate system (r, φ, z). The z –axis is through the centre of the sphere and aligned with the mean flow direction, while r is the radius as measured perpendicular to the z –axis. The origin is at the sphere centre.
Streamlines around a sphere in axisymmetric Stokes flow. At terminal velocity the drag force F d balances the force F g propelling the object. In fluid dynamics, the Stokes stream function is used to describe the streamlines and flow velocity in a three-dimensional incompressible flow with axisymmetry.
In turbulent flow the flow rate is proportional to the square root of the pressure gradient, as opposed to its direct proportionality to pressure gradient in laminar flow. Using the definition of the Reynolds number we can see that a large diameter with rapid flow, where the density of the blood is high, tends towards turbulence.
The primitive equations may be linearized to yield Laplace's tidal equations, an eigenvalue problem from which the analytical solution to the latitudinal structure of the flow may be determined. In general, nearly all forms of the primitive equations relate the five variables u , v , ω, T , W , and their evolution over space and time.
The Sherwood number (Sh) (also called the mass transfer Nusselt number) is a dimensionless number used in mass-transfer operation. It represents the ratio of the total mass transfer rate (convection + diffusion) to the rate of diffusive mass transport, [1] and is named in honor of Thomas Kilgore Sherwood.
Basset force for describing the effect of the body's relative motion history on the viscous forces in a Stokes flow; Basset–Boussinesq–Oseen equation for the description of the motion of – and forces on – a particle moving in an unsteady flow at low Reynolds numbers; Darwin drift for the relation between added mass and the Darwin drift ...
Flux F through a surface, dS is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface. Left: No flux passes in the surface, the maximum amount flows normal to the surface.