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Bergamot fruits harvested for the production of essential oil The Macchina calabrese peeler, invented in 1840 by Nicola Barillà. The sfumatura or slow-folding process was the traditional technique for manually extracting the bergamot oil. [2]
Essential oil. Bergamot oil is one of the most commonly used ingredients in perfumery. [20] It is prized for its ability to combine with an array of scents to form a bouquet of aromas that complement each other. [21] Bergamot is a major component of the original Eau de Cologne composed by Jean-Marie Farina at
Bergamot orange; Bergamot essential oil; Monarda, genus of herbaceous plants of similar odor to the bergamot orange; in particular Monarda didyma, called bergamot, scarlet beebalm, scarlet monarda, Oswego tea, or crimson beebalm; Monarda fistulosa, called wild bergamot or bee balm; Eau de Cologne mint, also called bergamot mint
In 1834, Kalbrunner isolated 5-methoxypsoralen from bergamot essential oil, [4] hence the common name "bergapten". It was the first furanocoumarin to be isolated and identified. It was the first furanocoumarin to be isolated and identified.
The bergamotenes are found in a variety of plants, particularly in their essential oils. There are two structural isomers, α-bergamotene and β-bergamotene, which differ only by the location of a double bond. Both of these isomers have stereoisomers, the most common of which are known as the cis and trans-isomers (or endo- and exo-isomers).
Monarda is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. [3] The genus is endemic to North America. [2] [4] Common names include bergamot, bee balm, horsemint, and oswego tea, the first being inspired by the fragrance of the leaves, which is reminiscent of bergamot orange (Citrus bergamia).