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The transverse process of a lumbar vertebra is also sometimes called the costal [9] [10] or costiform process [11] because it corresponds to a rudimentary rib (costa) which, as opposed to the thorax, is not developed in the lumbar region.
The lumbar vertebrae are located between the thoracic vertebrae and pelvis. They form the lower part of the back in humans, and the tail end of the back in quadrupeds. In humans, there are five lumbar vertebrae. The term is used to describe the anatomy of humans and quadrupeds, such as horses, pigs, or cattle.
A costal facet is a site of connection between a rib and a vertebra. The costal facets are located on the vertebrae that the rib articulates with. They are the superior costal facet, the inferior costal facet, and the transverse costal facet. [1] Rib 1 only articulates with a transverse costal facet.
The superior costal facet is located on the inferior thoracic vertebrae. The inferior costal facet is located on the superior vertebrae. While these terms may be confusing, it helps to know that the costal facets are named for their position on the vertebral body itself, not for the part of the rib that they articulate with. Costal facets only ...
The articular process or zygapophysis (Greek: ζυγόν, romanized: zugón, lit. ' yoke ' + apophysis ) of a vertebra is a projection of the vertebra that serves the purpose of fitting with an adjacent vertebra.
The biomechanical function of each pair of facet joints is to guide and limit movement of the spinal motion segment. [1] [2] In the lumbar spine, for example, the facet joints function to protect the motion segment from anterior shear forces, excessive rotation and flexion. Facet joints appear to have little influence on the range of side ...
The costovertebral joints are the joints that connect the ribs to the vertebral column. The articulation of the head of rib connects the head of the rib and the bodies of vertebrae. The costotransverse joint connects the rib with the transverse processes of vertebrae.
The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. In a human spinal column, there are normally 33 vertebrae. [3] The upper 24 pre-sacral vertebrae are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx, or tailbone.