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Li Shizhen's (1518-1593) magnum opus, the Bencao gangmu or "Compendium of Materia Medica" is still one of the traditional Chinese physician's standard reference books. Chapter 52 Renbu 人部 "human section" is classified under the fourth category of animals ( 兽之四 ), and is the last chapter in the Bencao gangmu .
The remedies that comprise this work were widely utilized throughout the ancient period and Dioscorides remained the greatest expert on drugs for over 1,600 years. [ 26 ] Similarly important for herbalists and botanists of later centuries was Theophrastus ' Historia Plantarum , written in the 4th century BC, which was the first systematization ...
Theophrastus's Enquiry into Plants or Historia Plantarum (Ancient Greek: Περὶ φυτῶν ἱστορία, Peri phyton historia) was, along with his mentor Aristotle's History of Animals, Pliny the Elder's Natural History and Dioscorides's De materia medica, one of the most important books of natural history written in ancient times, and like them it was influential in the Renaissance.
In ancient Egypt, herbs were mentioned in Egyptian medical papyri, depicted in tomb illustrations, or on rare occasions found in medical jars containing trace amounts of herbs. [8] In ancient Egypt, the Ebers papyrus dates from about 1550 BCE, and covers more than 700 compounds, mainly of plant origin. [ 9 ]
The book became the principal reference work on pharmacology across Europe and the Middle East for over 1,500 years, [2] and was thus the precursor of all modern pharmacopoeias. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In contrast to many classical authors, De materia medica was not "rediscovered" in the Renaissance, because it never left circulation; indeed, Dioscorides ...
With roughly 9,950 characters, Wushi'er bingfang is the longest of the medical texts that have been found in ancient Chinese tombs. [9] Along with other excavated manuscripts (from Zhangjiashan and Wuwei , among others), it has shed light on the early development of Chinese medicine . [ 10 ]
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In ancient times, herbalists thought that because of the way ginseng looks it could treat many different kinds of syndromes, from fatigue and stress to asthma and cancer. In traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng was often combined with other herbs and used often to bring longevity, strength, and mental alacrity to its users.