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Although multiple pathways exist for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, the predominant route in eukaryotes involves condensation between diacylglycerol (DAG) and cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline or citicoline). The conversion is mediated by the enzyme diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase.
CDP-choline + 1,2-diacylglycerol ⇌ phosphatidylcholine + CMP; The last step in the CDP-choline pathway is catalyzed by either CPT or CEPT and are localized to the Golgi or endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. CPT and CEPT are encoded by separate genes that share 60% sequence similarity. Both isoforms contain 7 transmembrane segments, and an ...
In enzymology, a phosphatidylcholine synthase (EC 2.7.8.24) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. CDP-diacylglycerol + choline CMP + phosphatidylcholine. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CDP-diacylglycerol and choline, whereas its two products are CMP and phosphatidylcholine.
Choline kinase catalyzes the formation of phosphocholine, the committed step in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Phosphatidylcholine is the major phospholipid in eukaryotic membranes. Phosphatidylcholine is important for a variety of function in eukaryotes such as facilitating the transport of cholesterol through the organism, acting as a ...
Phosphatidylcholine is the major component of lecithin. It is also a source for choline in the synthesis of acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons. Phospholipids [ 1 ] are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids , joined by an alcohol residue ...
Choline is a cation with the chemical formula [(CH 3) 3 NCH 2 CH 2 OH] +. [1] [2] [3] Choline forms various salts, such as choline chloride and choline bitartrate.An essential nutrient for animals, it is a structural component of phospholipids and cell membranes.
The PEMT enzyme converts phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) via three sequential methylations by S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). The enzyme is found in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria-associated membranes. It accounts for ~30% of PC biosynthesis, with the CDP-choline, or Kennedy, pathway making ~70%. [10]
The transformation of CDP-choline to phosphatidylcholine is effected by choline phosphate cytidyltransferase. Under certain conditions the enzymes choline kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and phosphatidate phosphatase may play regulatory roles. Of the total DPPC in the pulmonary surfactant, 45% comes from de novo biosynthesis