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The Coastal Hazard Wheel system published by UNEP for global coastal management. More and more of the world's people live in coastal regions. [26] According to a United Nations atlas, 44% of all people live within 150 km (93 mi) of the sea. [6] Many major cities are on or near good harbors and have port facilities.
Coastal geography is the study of the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, climatology and oceanography) and the human geography (sociology and history) of the coast.
Coastal California is heavily influenced by east–west distances to the dominant cold California Current as well as microclimates.Due to hills and coast ranges having strong meteorological effects, summer and winter temperatures (other than occasional heat waves) are heavily moderated by ocean currents and fog with strong seasonal lags compared to interior valleys as little as 10 mi (16 km) away.
The data for method 2 is from a list maintained by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management of NOAA. [note 1] The state coastline lengths were computed by an unspecified method that includes tidal areas not included in the first method. [3] These numbers also include the Great Lakes coastlines, which do not have similar tidal areas.
Southward view from Ecola State Park, Northern Oregon Coast Map of the Oregon Coast. The Oregon Coast is a coastal region of the U.S. state of Oregon.It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to its west and the Oregon Coast Range to the east, and stretches approximately 362 miles (583 km) from the California state border in the south to the Columbia River in the north.
Coastal waters are located immediately in contact with human populations and exposed to anthropogenic disturbances, placing these resources and services under threat. [222] These concerns explain why, in several coastal regions, a rapidly increasing number of observing systems have been implemented in the last decade. [223]
U.S. Census Bureau regions and divisions. Since 1950, the United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions. [1] [2] The Census Bureau region definition is "widely used... for data collection and analysis", [3] and is the most commonly used classification system.
The coastline paradox states that a coastline does not have a well-defined length. Measurements of the length of a coastline behave like a fractal, being different at different scale intervals (distance between points on the coastline at which measurements are taken).