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A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel- reinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving ( see below ).
Another common type of shallow foundation is the slab-on-grade foundation where the weight of the structure is transferred to the soil through a concrete slab placed at the surface. Slab-on-grade foundations can be reinforced mat slabs, which range from 25 cm to several meters thick, depending on the size of the building, or post-tensioned ...
Waffle slab foundations adhere to International Building Code requirements. By 2008, most states put into effect the changes adopted in the 2006 IBC and, in regards to foundations, the on-grade mat foundation has become a more attractive design because, as an engineered system, it already accommodates the 2008 design recommendations, and required no major modifications to bring it into compliance.
This relates especially to shear capacity, where the capacity of a slab with boxes can be 40% lower than for a slab of identical height using spherical voids. For punching shear, the capacity of a slab with spherical voids can be 600% higher than for a box slab.
Elevated structural slabs are generally only found on custom homes or homes with basements. Copper piping, commonly used to carry natural gas and water, reacts with concrete over a long period, slowly degrading until the pipe fails. This can lead to what is commonly referred to as slab leaks. These occur when pipes begin to leak from within the ...
Reactive powder concrete, also known as ultra-high-performance concrete, can be even stronger, with strengths of up to 800 MPa (116,000 PSI). [4] These are made by eliminating large aggregate completely, carefully controlling the size of the fine aggregates to ensure the best possible packing, and incorporating steel fibers (sometimes produced ...
Some people find the waffle pattern aesthetically pleasing [4] Greater load capacity than traditional one-way slabs; Forms can be implemented with wood, concrete or steel; If holes are provided between the ribs, building services can be run through them. One proprietary implementation of this system is called Holedeck. [6]
Unlike foam concrete, which is lightweight and created by introducing stable air bubbles using a foam agent, air-entrained concrete maintains its density (air consists of 6–12 vol.%) while enhancing durability, workability, and resistance to freeze-thaw cycles.