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The currency exchange rates no longer were governments' principal means of administering monetary policy. Under the floating rate system, during the 1970s, the dollar plunged by a third. Further, the Nixon shock unleashed enormous speculation against the dollar. The German Mark appreciated significantly after it was allowed to float in May 1971.
The price of gold went from a set exchange rate of $42.22 per troy ounce in 1973 to almost $200 per ... These quick price rises were known as the Nixon shock. [10 ...
The US pledged to peg the dollar at $38/ounce (instead of $35/ounce; in other words: the USD rate lost 7.9%) with 2.25% trading bands, and other countries agreed to appreciate their currencies versus the dollar: Yen +16.9%; Deutsche Mark +13.6%, French Franc +8.6%, British pound the same, Italian lira +7.5%. [3]
In finance, an exchange rate is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another currency. [1] ... 1971, in what is known as the Nixon Shock. ...
The 1973–1974 stock market crash caused a bear market between January 1973 and December 1974. Affecting all the major stock markets in the world, particularly the United Kingdom, [1] it was one of the worst stock market downturns since the Great Depression, the other being the financial crisis of 2007–2008. [2]
As a result, in 1971, the U.S. ended the fixed exchange rate between dollars and gold in the Nixon shock. The US continues to be the largest financial contributor to the IMF. As such, it has the most voting power (at 17%) and can effectively veto any motion. It also has close relations with IMF leadership.
By the autumn of 1960, an ounce of gold could be exchanged for US$40 in the London market even though the official rate in the United States was US$35. This price difference was due to price controls on gold in the US: The official price of gold in US$ had not changed in 27 years, leading to a difference between the domestic value of the US ...
The Bretton Woods system broke down, culminating in the Nixon shock of 1971, ending convertibility; but the US dollar has remained the de facto basis of the world monetary system, though no longer de jure, with various European currencies and the Japanese yen also being prominent in foreign exchange