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Basic airway management is a concept and set of medical procedures performed to prevent and treat airway obstruction and allow for adequate ventilation to a patient's lungs. [1] This is accomplished by clearing or preventing obstructions of airways.
The protocol was originally developed as a memory aid for rescuers performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the most widely known use of the initialism is in the care of the unconscious or unresponsive patient, although it is also used as a reminder of the priorities for assessment and treatment of patients in many acute medical and trauma ...
Surgical methods for airway management rely on making a surgical incision below the glottis in order to achieve direct access to the lower respiratory tract, bypassing the upper respiratory tract. Surgical airway management is often performed as a last resort in cases where orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation are impossible or contraindicated.
Opening of the airway via the jaw-thrust maneuver is the preferred method as the head-tilt maneuver is thought to be more risky for people with suspected spinal injury or inconveniency. If the person is in danger of pulmonary aspiration then they should be placed in the recovery position or more advanced airway management should be used.
[4] [5] However, traditional airway management education has not included the integration of a simultaneous suctioning and airway decontamination skill set as a technique that can be deployed in the setting of large volume contamination and clinicians frequently underestimate the importance of suction as part of airway management. [1] [6] [7]
Advanced airway management is the subset of airway management that involves advanced training, skill, and invasiveness. It encompasses various techniques performed to create an open or patent airway – a clear path between a patient's lungs and the outside world.
All methods require good airway management to perform, which ensures that the method is effective. These methods include: [ citation needed ] Mouth-to-mouth - This involves the rescuer making a seal between his or her mouth and the patient's mouth and 'blowing', to pass air into the patient's body
The supine patient is at risk of airway obstruction from two routes: Mechanical obstruction : In this instance, a physical object obstructs the airway of the patient. In most cases this is the patient's own tongue, [ citation needed ] as the unconsciousness leads to a loss of control and muscle tone , causing the tongue to fall to the back of ...