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Projections of global human population are generally based on birth rates and death rates, and since these are difficult to predict very far into the future, forecasts of global population numbers and growth rates have changed over time.
The Statistics Indonesia in 2018 has released the official projection of Indonesia's population 2015–2045, [3] which are based on previous census in 2010 and the 2015 Indonesian population survey between censuses (SUPAS).
In statistics, the method of moments is a method of estimation of population parameters.The same principle is used to derive higher moments like skewness and kurtosis. It starts by expressing the population moments (i.e., the expected values of powers of the random variable under consideration) as functions of the parameters of interest.
Snyder [6] describes generating formulae for the projection, as well as the projection's characteristics. Coordinates from a spherical datum can be transformed into Albers equal-area conic projection coordinates with the following formulas, where is the radius, is the longitude, the reference longitude, the latitude, the reference latitude and and the standard parallels:
The Gall–Peters projection of the world map. The Gall–Peters projection is a rectangular, equal-area map projection.Like all equal-area projections, it distorts most shapes.
An Aitoff projection of the world The Aitoff projection with Tissot's indicatrix of deformation. The Aitoff projection is a modified azimuthal map projection proposed by David A. Aitoff in 1889.
The core idea behind random projection is given in the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma, [2] which states that if points in a vector space are of sufficiently high dimension, then they may be projected into a suitable lower-dimensional space in a way which approximately preserves pairwise distances between the points with high probability.
Arithmetic is the fundamental branch of mathematics that studies numbers and their operations. In particular, it deals with numerical calculations using the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. [1]