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Algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies certain abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic operations other than the standard arithmetic operations, such as addition and multiplication.
Over a field, the free algebra on n indeterminates can be constructed as the tensor algebra on an n-dimensional vector space. For a more general coefficient ring, the same construction works if we take the free module on n generators. The construction of the free algebra on E is functorial in nature and satisfies an appropriate universal property.
Algebra is one of the main branches of mathematics, covering the study of structure, relation and quantity. Algebra studies the effects of adding and multiplying numbers , variables , and polynomials , along with their factorization and determining their roots .
These equations induce equivalence classes on the free algebra; the quotient algebra then has the algebraic structure of a group. Some structures do not form varieties, because either: It is necessary that 0 ≠ 1, 0 being the additive identity element and 1 being a multiplicative identity element, but this is a nonidentity;
The square root of 2 is an algebraic number equal to the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs of length 1.. An algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients.
By definition, equality is an equivalence relation, meaning it is reflexive (i.e. =), symmetric (i.e. if = then =), and transitive (i.e. if = and = then =). [33] It also satisfies the important property that if two symbols are used for equal things, then one symbol can be substituted for the other in any true statement about the first and the ...
Algebraic definition, a definition in mathematical logic which is given using only equalities between terms Algebraic structure , a set with one or more finitary operations defined on it Algebraic, the order of entering operations when using a calculator (contrast reverse Polish notation )
Universal algebra (sometimes called general algebra) is the field of mathematics that studies algebraic structures themselves, not examples ("models") of algebraic structures. For instance, rather than take particular groups as the object of study, in universal algebra one takes the class of groups as an object of study.