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data, i.e. "any information that documents or describes a language, such as a published monograph, a computer data file, or even a shoebox full of handwritten index cards. The information could range in content from unanalyzed sound recordings to fully transcribed and annotated texts to a complete descriptive grammar", [ 2 ]
When the language of the corpus is not a working language of the researchers who use it, interlinear glossing is used to make the annotation bilingual. Some corpora have further structured levels of analysis applied. In particular, smaller corpora may be fully parsed. Such corpora are usually called Treebanks or Parsed Corpora. The difficulty ...
Corpus linguistics is an empirical method for the study of language by way of a text corpus (plural corpora). [1] Corpora are balanced, often stratified collections of authentic, "real world", text of speech or writing that aim to represent a given linguistic variety. [1] Today, corpora are generally machine-readable data collections.
Johns (1936 – 2009) pioneered data-driven learning and coined the term. It first appeared in an article, Should you be persuaded: Two examples of data-driven learning (1991). [1] His paper, From Printout to Handout, [2] is reprinted and discussed at length in Volume 2 of Hubbard's Computer-Assisted Language Learning. [3]
Information retrieval is the science [1] of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images or sounds. Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a ...
The mission of ERIC is to provide a comprehensive, easy-to-use, searchable, Internet-based bibliographic and full-text database of education research and information for educators, researchers, and the general public. Education research and information are essential to improving teaching, learning, and educational decision-making.
xkcd webcomic titled "Wikipedian Protester". The sign says: "[CITATION NEEDED]".[1]A citation is a reference to a source. More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of ...
A reference work is a work, such as a paper, book or periodical (or their electronic equivalents), to which one can refer for information. [1] The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually referred to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these ...