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Triterpenes exist in a great variety of structures. Nearly 200 different skeletons have been identified. [3] These skeletons may be broadly divided according to the number of rings present. In general pentacyclic structures (5 rings) tend to dominate.
Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSC) are enzymes involved in cyclization reactions of 2,3-oxidosqualene to form sterols or triterpenes. [1]The crystal structure of oxidosqualene cyclase shown is colored by secondary structure, with its product, Lanosterol (turquoise) in the enzyme's central active site.
Chemical structure of the prototypical limonoid limonin. Limonoids are phytochemicals of the triterpenoid class which are abundant in sweet or sour-scented citrus fruit and other plants of the families Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae, and Meliaceae. [1]
The term terpene was coined in 1866 by the German chemist August Kekulé to denote all hydrocarbons having the empirical formula C 10 H 16, of which camphene was one. Previously, many hydrocarbons having the empirical formula C 10 H 16 had been called "camphene", but many other hydrocarbons of the same composition had different names.
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Oleanane is a natural triterpenoid.It is commonly found in woody angiosperms and as a result is often used as an indicator of these plants in the fossil record. It is a member of the oleanoid series, which consists of pentacyclic triterpenoids (such as beta-amyrin and taraxerol [verification needed]) where all rings are six-membered.