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Rail transport in Australia is a component of the Australian transport system. It is to a large extent state -based, as each state largely has its own operations, with the interstate network being developed ever since Australia's federation in 1901.
Australia is the only continent to offer both east–west and north–south transcontinental trains: The Indian Pacific from Sydney on the Pacific to Perth on the Indian Oceans, and The Ghan from Adelaide on the southern shores of the continent to Darwin on the northern shore.
Urban networks are further classified as "light rail" or "heavy rail". [1] Light rail in Australia includes established tram networks in Melbourne and Adelaide continuously operating in various forms since the 19th century, as well as networks in other cities newly constructed after the cessation of tram operation.
Metro Trains Melbourne, often known simply as Metro, is the operator and brand name of train services on the electrified metropolitan rail network serving the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is the largest urban rail network in Australia , with 17 lines and 221 stations across 405 km (252 mi) of railways, and the second busiest ...
While railways in some states were briefly operated as private companies, railways of Australia have historically operated as Government instrumentalities. The earlier form of a single state government railway department in each state no longer exists – with complex relationships developed by state and federal government corporations operating in multiple locations and across borders between ...
The interstate rail network of the former Australian National Railways was transferred to the newly established Australian Rail Track Corporation in 1998. In 2002, the Tarcoola–Alice Springs line was leased to the AustralAsia Rail Corporation. The ARTC track consists of the track from Kalgoorlie to Broken Hill and Serviceton.