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The "15-45" at the end refers to the different respiratory criteria in the pediatric JumpSTART triage system, due to the differences between children's and adults' normal respiratory rates. [5] In pediatric patients: Children who are breathing under 15 times a minute are RED. [5] Children who are breathing over 45 times a minute are RED. [5]
Respirations - Rapid and shallow breathing is a possible sign of shock. Cool - Cold and clammy skin is a possible sign of shock. Cyanotic - Meaning to have bluish or purplish discolouration of the skin or mucous membranes - is a possible sign of shock. Unconscious - Extended or more extreme cases of shock are likely to lead to unconsciousness.
Causes may include heart failure, kidney failure, narcotic poisoning, intracranial pressure, and hypoperfusion of the brain (particularly of the respiratory center). The pathophysiology of Cheyne–Stokes breathing can be summarized as apnea leading to increased CO 2 which causes excessive compensatory hyperventilation, in turn causing decreased CO 2 which causes apnea, restarting the cycle.
Respiratory failure can be presumed when a child is exhibiting increased work of breathing, along with either abnormal appearance or abnormal circulation. [3] The abnormal appearance (mental status) or circulation indicate that the child is not breathing well enough to perfuse the body, or to oxygenate the brain.
There are four primary vital signs: body temperature, blood pressure, pulse , and breathing rate (respiratory rate), often notated as BT, BP, HR, and RR. However, depending on the clinical setting, the vital signs may include other measurements called the "fifth vital sign" or "sixth vital sign."
An advanced life support paramedic unit of Palm Beach County Fire-Rescue used for EMS in Palm Beach County, Florida.. Advanced Life Support (ALS) is a set of life saving protocols and skills that extend basic life support to further support the circulation and provide an open airway and adequate ventilation (breathing).